THE ACHUAR HOUSE la versíon española la version française


On the other hand, the riverside habitat lacks turuji and kampanak and the palm more commonly used for the cover is chaapi (Phytelephas sp.) and accessorily kuunt (Wettinia maynensis). The resistance of these palms is much lesser, but its placement is a little quicker, because they ties directly on the ends in longitudinal sense, without appealing to shingles, using the central frond as frame. Before their placement, each palm leaf is bent starting from the axis that constitutes the central frond and the two halves are braided one to another they by the lobes; the placement is made this way by sets of four palm leaves braided. The global quantity of palms required to cover a roof according to this technique is inferior to the one that requires the roof with kampanak palms. On the other hand, the duration of a roof of chaapi rarely exceeds five or six years and the occasional repairs don't prolong it a lot. As the houses are lacking conduits for the smoke, this filters permanently through the roof and this way it contributes to protect it from insects. On the other hand, in certain houses, leaves of barbasco timiu (Lonchocarpus sp.) are distributed in regular intervals in the palms of the roof, because they move away the parasites.

The erection of a house Achuar is not easy, the great surface of the cover (often more than two hundred fifty square meters of roof) and the complexity of the assembly of frame, it demands a rigorous thoroughness and a great work investment at the same time. The construction of a house of good size needs around hundred fifty individual days of work if it is included in this total the gathering of the materials in the forest and its shaping. The duration of the construction of the house in relative time oscillates among three to nine months - it not only depends on the projected dimensions, but also of the number of men among those that could be distributed these individual days and the numbers of occasions one could obtain their collaboration.

The construction of the frame and the placement of the cover are exclusively masculine activities and the only work that is sometimes reserved partly for women is the transport of bundles of palms and their weaving. The time in which a house can be built depends on the sociological and topographical aspects; the more removed away is a place, less easy is to organize days of collective work, inviting the family's masculine relatives that reside in the region, those that naturally accept to make often an important journey.

By the way, the collective work accelerates the construction, but in spite of the difficulty of certain phases of the assembly of frame, especially the placement and the connection of the heaviest pieces - and of the effort required to gather and to prune the voluminous palm bundles and the heavy pillars, don't exist specifically technical needs that make necessary the use of a large work force. The minimum numbers of mature men needed for the transport, the rising and the assembling of the pieces of the frame is two, condition that exist in all totally isolated residential units that I have visited. They always consisted, besides the family head, at least one son or a son-in-law of more than 18 years. Some of these isolated families had been able to build a house making use almost exclusively of their work capacity, satisfying that exemplary principle of self-sufficiency that governs the economic life of the residential unit of Achuar.

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