The Magdeburg Sting 1936
Breaking of Enigma
February 1922. The war with Poland is over. The Bolsheviks consolidate power over Russian peoples by murder and terror. Blood stained, from endless executions that no one could account for, for the need of expediency, TCHEKA is reorganized into GPU (General Political Administration)… then into OGPU (Unified General Political Administration).
Soon, OGPU will execute 300,000 more enemies of the Bolshevik leadership and their families. The 2,000,000 of lucky relatives or "ideological opponents" will work to death in 6,000 prisons and camps under komandarm II degree Lazar Kagan. Pavel Dybienko takes over his place. Later, when Dybienko gets his reward in Lublianka, Salomon Milshtein takes over the largest slave organization in history.
1922. At Rapallo, Soviet Union and Germany sign a secret agreement. Germany gets a right to build on the Soviet territory military factories. German officers jointly train with the Red Army. Germans will build factories producing trucks, airplanes and weapons expressly forbidden by the Versailles Treaty at the end of World War I. German use a manual cipher called "double cassette" based on double transposition of letters. The Polish crypto annalists read all Soviet-German radio traffic.
1924
After few hearth attacks precipitated by Jagoda's medications, Lenin dies.
Dzerzhinsky, Trotsky and a Georgian surnamed Stalin rush into the vacuum created by Lenin's death. Stalin, a more ruthless man than Dzerzhinsky, wins. Trotsky, who challenged Stalin openly, has to run. Dzerzhinsky, now too powerful to be eliminated by Stalin, retreats in the shadow. Wiaczeslaw Mienzynski, seduced by Stalin, secretly passes to his camp. He reports on Dzerzhinsky and Jagoda.
1925. Stalin is ready for Dzerzhinsky. The two collide. Stalin as well manipulates Jagoda against Dzerzhinsky. At the head of Polish government a decision is taken to monitor the situation. The military radio traffic in Soviet Union increases in volume. The monitoring radio stations are set up in Warsaw, Lida, Rowne and Kolomyja. Captain Franciszek Pokorny is delegated by Polish Second Bureau to head the radio monitoring service. The department is divided into: BS.1- Polish ciphers, BS.2- Radio intelligence East, BS.3- Soviet ciphers, BS.4- German ciphers.
1926. An officer of second bureau of the French general staff, Captain Gustav Bertrand takes interest in cryptology.
1926. Soviet intelligence courier is intercepted in Warsaw. Enciphered documents are found. The BS.3 team breaches the cipher. A soviet agent is discovered: Samuel Goldberg, a businessman from Warsaw.
"Samuel Goldberg sells religious artefacts on the market of Czestochowa. He has a partner, a member of communist party. They are under an investigation by Military Intelligence. Mr. Goldberg often visits Warsaw where he mixes with middle level government officials at bridge parties and at the Horse Race Track. He associates with a man named Trepper from a jewish community in Nowy Targ. Goldberg is arrested. During the interrogation Samuel Goldberg supplies a list of agents in Poland and Germany. Trepper escapes to Palestine where he joins a Zionist Movement. Soviet intelligence operatives, among jewish youth, reestablish contact with him. He is given few low security assignments and a case officer; a Palestinian.
July, 20 1926. At 49, Dzerzhinsky dies of a stroke during an argument with Stalin. Wiaczeslaw Mienzynski takes over OGPU with Jagoda as his deputy.
1927. Crisis in China. England and Japan have consultations behind USA back.
1927. A. Scherbius, the inventor of "ENIGMA" code machine, dies.
January, 1928. Trotsky is send to Alma Ata, in central Asia, to exile.
1928
"ENIGMA" is patented.
1929. "Enigma" code machine is introduced in German military radio traffic.
January 1929. Ludomir Danielewicz, 25 years old radio specialist, receives a telephone summoning him to General Staff. He meets a Lieutenant Maksimilian Ciezki from Intelligence Cipher Department. A Customs office in Warsaw had received from Germany a crate addressed to a German firm with offices in Warsaw. The firm's representative had immediately arrived, although no one had called him, saying that the crate contained some radio equipment which had been send by mistake and which should be forthwith returned to Germany. The man's insistence, coupled with German Consulate intervention appeared suspicious. The customs officer decided to call in military intelligence. Danielewicz and his partner, Antoni Palluth examined the "radio equipment" which turned to be a cipher machine. They examine the mechanism, taking photographs, making diagrams and measuring its dimensions. They then examine its working and the rotor mechanism and finally the crate is repacked, all traces of they work removed and the postal labels replaced. The next day, Monday, the crate is given to the German Consulate. Danielewicz starts the work of reproducing the machine.
1929. A course in cryptology was started in Poznań for twenty of the most advanced mathematics students at the University. Poznań was chosen because in 1929 nearly every local student knew German well, having started school during the partition of Poland when not only was Polish not taught, but also its use was completely forbidden. Major Franciszek Pokorny and Captain Maksymilian Ciezki, both attended.
February 1929. Trotsky is banished from soviet territory.
1929. German navy and Reichswehr adopt "Enigma" for radio communications.
1 July 1929. W. Canaris is made captain at age of 43.
1929. NKVD eliminates land ownership in Ukraine. Hundreds of thousands families are deported. Majority ends up in labour camps. 3 to 5,000,000 die within few months from hunger after NKVD troops confiscated all food.
31 October 1929. The crash of N.Y. Stock Exchange.
1929. William F. Friedman buys one "Enigma" while American Congress, controlled by Komintern sympathizers, refuses to establish decoding office in State Department.
1929. Amwehr adopts "Enigma"
Between 1926 to 1929, Colonel Erich Fellgiebel, the head of Signals in the Reichswehr, had to take a very difficult decision on the modernization of radio communications. German Navy bought the machine invented by the German engineer Scherbius, called "Enigma". Soon other German services, switched to "Enigma" encoding-decoding machine. The machine used rotors, plug board and plugs to change typed letters into a code. All the experts were agreed that "Enigma" was one hundred per cent secure. After all, what human ingenuity can devise, human ingenuity can also counter.
Polish Intelligence cryptology department, under the leadership of Major Gwido Langer, acquired an "Enigma" machine in 1929. Antoni Palluth, a partner in an electrical firm, AVA, helped Major Langer. The machine had a keyboard with twenty-six letters, which was connected electrically to three rotors with rings and from these led further connections to plug board and finally to twenty-six illuminated letters. It was based on a principle of reciprocity and exclusivity. Furthermore each of the three rotors could be taken out and replaced in a different order.
Each of 3 rotors contained 26 inner connections, corresponding to 26 letters. It gives the number of encoding positions to 26x26x26 = 17,576. However, the rotors could be taken out and re-arranged. This increased the number of combinations to 17,576 x 6 = 105,456. The machine had also Umkehrwalze (reflector), which could have as many as 7,905,853,580,625 connections. Six electric plug connections could be set in 100,391,791,600 different ways. Each rotor had 26 contacts on one side and 26 contacts on the other side, so it had as many as 403,291,461,605,635,584 x 106 different connections. The total number of combinations for an early three rotor "Enigma" was
5,172,165,503,971,832,752,302,775,832,450,732,675 x 1051.
January 15, 1930. Major Gwido Langer is made a head of radio intelligence office in Poland.
A professional officer, Gwido Langer takes the control of a Cipher department. A Major Pokorny passes into newly created disinformation service. The Polish leadership soon realizes the futility of resistance. The geographic position of Poland is void of any natural barrier, just a flat land between Germany and Soviet Union. All the traffic between Germany and Soviet Union must pass through Poland. Poland can't make any military stand. Sowing a disorder in the Soviet or German camps is a logical solution. Major Pokorny is given the task. What will become a Magdeburg Sting takes shape.
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Prolog
Cavalry
Players
Trip
Meeting
Airport
Boat ride
Castle
Visiting
Bad Harzburg
Epilog
Executions
Photos
The End
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